Examples have audio.
Causative Verbs
Consider the different between "to laugh" and "to make someone laugh". To get from the former to the latter, instead of using an extra verb like "make", Persian addes a suffix to the main verb. This new verb is called a causative verb.
To make a causative present stem, add “ان” to the end of the regular present stem, e.g., “خواب” for "to sleep" becomes “خوابان”. To make its past stem, add a to what you made, i.e.., “خواباند”
This gives us a whole new set of verbs that are easy to memorize since they are made using the verbs we are already familiar with. Below are some examples.
| Causative Verb (transitive) | Intransitive Verb | ||||
| Meaning | Present Stem | Infinitive | Meaning | Present Stem | Infinitive |
| To pass (trans.) | گُذَران | گُذَراندَن | To pass | گُذَر | گُذَشتَن |
| To make sbdy sleep | خوابان | خواباندَن | To sleep | خواب | خوابیدَن |
| To scare | تَرسان | تَرساندَن | To be scared | تَرس | تَرسیدَن |
| To make sbdy laugh | خَندان | خَنداندَن | To laugh | خَند | خَندیدَن |
| To burn (trans.) | سوزان | سوزاندَن | To burn | سوز | سوختَن |
Let’s have a look at some examples of the usage of these verbs.
بچّهها خوابیدند.
مادر بچّهها را خواباند.
لیلا میخندد.
سعید لیلا را میخندانَد.
رم سوخت.
نرون رم را سوزاند.
The children slept.
Mother put the children to sleep.
Leila laughs.
Saeed makes Leila laugh.
Rome burnt.
Nero burnt Rome.
It is not just intransitive verbs that have causative forms. Transitive verbs, too, have causative forms. Here are some examples (they come in pairs).
بچهها غذا را خوردند.
فروغ غذا را به بچهها خوراند.
دلیلش را میفهمی.
دلیلش را به تو میفهمانم.
دشمن را شناختهاید.
دشمن را به شما شناساندهایم.
The children ate the food.
Forough made the children eat the food.
You understand its reason.
I make you understand its reason.
You (pl.) have recognized the enemy.
We have helped you recognize the enemy.


