Alphabet – Lesson 9

This is the last group of letters of the Persian alphabet you need to learn. We put them last because they are infrequent in comparison with most of the previous ones and none of them represents a new sound, i.e. all of them share their sounds with at least one of the letters you have already learned. Even in the letters you have learned so far, there were letters with identical pronunciations. The reason behind this phenomenon is that these letters, which show up almost exclusively in Arabic loanwords, sound distinct in Arabic but have merged into a single sound in Persian.

All of the examples in this part are Arabic names and Arabic loanwords. Generally, in pure Persian words and European loanwords, the letters “س” (s), “ت” (t), “ز” (z), and “ه” (h) are used instead of their homophones.